4G [PART-4]

Dear readers. this is the post no.156;

Technical factors of 4G: There are some special factors in 4G network technology .Basically  In March 2008, the International Telecommunications Union-Radio communications sector  specified a set of requirements for 4G standards, named the International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced specification, setting peak speed requirements for 4G service at 100 megabits per second for high mobility communication such as from trains and cars and 1 gigabit per second for low mobility communication such as pedestrians and stationary users.  the first-release versions of Mobile WiMAX and LTE support much less than 1 Gbit/s peak bit rate, they are not fully IMT-Advanced compliant, but are often branded 4G by service providers. According to operators, a generation of network refers to the deployment of a new non-backward-compatible technology. On December 6, 2010, ITU-R recognized that these two technologies, as well as other beyond-3G technologies that do not fulfill the IMT-Advanced requirements, could nevertheless be considered "4G", provided they represent forerunners to IMT-Advanced compliant versions and "a substantial level of improvement in performance and capabilities with respect to the initial third generation systems now deployed. As opposed to earlier generations, a 4G system does not support traditional circuit-switched telephony service, but all-Internet Protocol based communication such as IP telephony. As seen below, the spread spectrum radio technology used in 3G systems, is abandoned in all 4G candidate systems and replaced by OFDMA carrier transmission and other frequency-domain equalization schemes, making it possible to transfer very high bit rates despite extensive multi-path radio propagation . The peak bit rate is further improved by smart antenna arrays for multiple-input multiple-output communications. 4G represents a significant evolution over existing 3G standards, most notably in the removal of IP address limitations, increased data transfer rates and smooth handovers of clients over heterogeneous networks, but fully compliant technology is still in development. In 4G networking system has all high technological supports. For using these advances technological supports 4G mobile network is 10 times faster than 3G mobile network. 

4G [PART-3]

Introduction: 4G means fourth generation mobile telecommunication technology.  A true 4G system must provide many Potential and current applications that include amended mobile web access, IP telephony, gaming services, high-definition mobile TV, video conferencing, 3D television, and cloud computing. 4G or fourth generation telecommunicating network generally refers to a change in the fundamental nature of the service, non-backwards-compatible transmission technology, higher peak bit rates, new frequency bands, wider channel frequency bandwidth in Hertz, and higher capacity for many simultaneous data transfer. The history of 4G is very long; 4G system was originally envisioned by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). The DARPA selected the distributed architecture and end-to-end Internet protocol (IP), and believed at an early stage in peer-to-peer networking in which every mobile device would be both a transceiver and a router for other devices in the network, eliminating the spoke-and-hub weakness of 2G and 3G cellular systems. Since the 2.5G GPRS system, cellular systems have provided dual infrastructures packet switched nodes for data services, and circuit switched nodes for voice calls. In 4G systems, the circuit-switched infrastructure is abandoned and only a packet-switched network is provided, while 2.5G and 3G systems require both packet-switched and circuit-switched network nodes, i.e. two infrastructures in parallel. This means that in 4G, traditional voice calls are replaced by IP telephony. The general work of 4G was started in 2002. In February 2007, the Japanese company NTT DoCoMo tested a 4G communication system prototype with 4×4 MIMO called VSF-OFCDM at 100 Mbit/s while moving, and 1 Gbit/s while stationary. NTT DoCoMo completed a trial in which they reached a maximum packet transmission rate of approximately 5 Gbit/s in the downlink with 12×12 MIMO using a 100 MHz frequency bandwidth while moving at 10 km/h, and is planning on releasing the first commercial network in 2010. Currently more than 900 countries use 4G telecommunication network all over the world. Bangladesh could launch fourth-generation telecom service soon as the necessary 'ecosystem' will be here within a year. Investment in 4G technology will depend on the policy decisions of the country's government. The telecom regulator of Bangladesh plans to release 700 megahertz spectrum for 4G technology to mobile. The five companies Banglalion, Qubee, Bangladesh Internet Exchange Limited (BIEL), Mango and state-owned Bangladesh Telecommunications Company Limited will have to pay Tk 2.4tk for getting the license. BIEL, owned by Russian company Multinet has been already awarded the license and allotted 2,600 frequency bands after the company had paid the Tk 2.46 billion license fee, said a senior BTRC official requesting anonymity.

4G [PART-2] no.154

One of the most important aspects of 4G technology is the elimination of parallel circuit-switched and packet-switched network nodes using Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6). The currently used standard, IPv4, has a finite limitation on the number of IP addresses that can be assigned to devices, meaning duplicate addresses must be created and reused using network address translation (NAT), a solution that only masks the problem instead of definitively solving it. IPv6 provides a much larger number of available addresses, and will be instrumental in providing a streamlined experience for users. As well as 4G network has some problem such as it is expensive and it isn’t available over the world. In Bangladesh 4G technology will come soon and using 4G technology Bangladesh will developed country.

Table of contents

                                I.            Introduction of 4G technology

                              II.            History of 4G technology

                            III.            Technical site of  4G technology

                            IV.            Standard of 4G technology

                              V.            Advantage of 4G technology

Ø  More coverage

Ø  Complete privacy

Ø  Reasonable price

Ø  Others

                            VI.            Disadvantage of 4G technology

Ø  Hardware compatible

Ø  Glitches and bugs

Ø  Required larger mobile devices and more battery power

Ø  Less region coverage

Ø  Others

                  References 

4G [PART-1]

Dear readers. This is the post no.153. From today you will have a new lecture series which's topic is '4G'

TOPIC

         4G TECGNOLOGY

Executive summary

4G or fourth generation mobile technology is very fast and advance networking system in the world. First, 4G networks is based on an all Internet protocol packet switching instead of circuit-switched technology, and use OFMDA multi-carrier transmission methods or other frequency-domain equalization methods instead of current spread spectrum radio technology. Data peak rates for 4G networks is close to 100 megabit per second for a user on a highly mobile network and 1 gigabit per second for a user with local wireless access or a nomadic connection. True 4G must also be able to offer smooth handovers across differing networks without data loss and provide high quality of service for next-gen media. 

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Hardware functionality

Windows8.1 adds supports for 3D printing. Pairing with printers using NFC tags. Wi-Fi direct, Microsoft media streaming. Windows8.1 can scale text and GUI elements up to 200% and set scaling settings independently on each display in multi monitor configurations.

WINDOWS 10

It is completely a new version. It is assumed that it will come to the market in 2015.

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no.151] Security and hardware compatibility

On compatible hardware Windows8.1 also features a transparent “device encryption” system on bit locker. Encryption begins as soon as a user begins using the system. The recovery key is stored to either the users Microsoft account or an active directory log in. For enterprise device management, Windows8.1 adds support for the workplace join feature of windows server 2012 R2. Which allows the user to enroll their own device to configure use a single app in a restricted environment.

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Dear readers this my 150th post. On this happy moment I want to thank all my readers all around the world for staying and reading this blog.
Online services and functionality

Windows8.1 adds tighter integration with several Microsoft-owned services. One drivel formerly sky drives is integrated at the system level to sync user settings and files. Files are automatically downloaded to the background. When exceed with the users one drive folder. It has an updated app “File manager”.

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post no.149
Apps

The suite of preloaded apps change in windows 8.1 PC settings was expanded to include options that were previously exclusive to desktop control panel. In windows 8.1 there are some software such as Microsoft outlook.

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User interface and desktop

The start screen received several enhancements on 8.1 including an extended “all apps” view with short modes accessed by clicking a down arrow button or swiping up ward small and extra-large sizes for desktop program shortcuts. Additional customization options were also added. New backgrounds and the ability to start screen to use the desktop background instead up to 4 snaps can be displayed in a single display.

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Windows 8.1

It is a version of the Windows

 NT operating system updated for windows 8.1 

  1st released in June 2013. It was released to manufacturing on August 27. It is a 64 bit operating System. It reached to the general people on 27.10.2013.